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Gigantomastia: Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Gigantomastia (also called breast hypertrophy) is a rare condition in which a woman develops abnormally large breasts. It is a benign (non-cancerous) condition and it can happen during puberty or pregnancy. There are several types of gigantomastia, but the exact reason why it happens is not yet fully understood by doctors.
Since there’s no “normal” breast size, defining a size limit for gigantomastia is a little bit tricky. However, some doctors choose to define it as having an excess of 1 or 2 kilograms of breast tissue on each side. Having very large breasts can cause a wide range of problems. These problems can include:
- Neck and Back pain
- Rashes
- Infections
- Problems with breastfeeding
- Breast pain
- Ulcers
- And other complications.
There are several treatments for gigantomastia depending on the severity of your condition and the type of gigantomastia you have. Treatment can range from pharmacological agents to surgical breast reduction.
What are the symptoms of gigantomastia (giant breasts)?
Gigantomastia is defined as excessive growth in breast tissue. It can affect one or both breasts, causing breast asymmetry. The speed at which the breasts grow to become giant is different depending on each case. In some women, the breasts might grow over the years, while in others they might grow over weeks or even days. Symptoms associated with large breasts can become debilitating. They include:
- Neck and back pain from the constant pull of your heavy breasts
- Breast pain (also called mastalgia)
- Posture problems
- Inflammation and itchiness
- Ulceration and skin abrasions
- Infection or abscess formation
- Numbness in your nipples from nerve damage caused by constant pressure
- Descending breasts – heavy breasts stretch the skin and cause it to become lax, leaving you with descending breasts.
Furthermore, it can interfere with your day-to-day life, including the ability to play sports or do any form of exercise.
Is Gigantomastia dangerous?
Gigantomastia is usually a benign condition that can cause minor complications like breast pain, back pain, minor skin abrasions, breast infection, and others. The presentation and severity differ from patient to patient, and symptoms can be very mild and slowly progressive, or they can be severe and develop acutely. On rare occasions, acute breast growth might cause some complications that require urgent breast reduction surgery.
What are the different types of gigantomastia?
Doctors classify Gigantomastia into 4 types depending on how and when they happen:
- Gestational Gigantomastia: This is breast hypertrophy that happens during pregnancy. Doctors think that this type of gigantomastia is initiated by the hormonal changes that occur during pregnancy.
- Juvenile Gigantomastia: This is when breast hypertrophy happens during puberty, also thought to be the result of hormonal changes.
- Drug-induced Gigantomastia: Certain drugs have the potential to trigger hypertrophy of the breasts.
- Idiopathic Gigantomastia: This is when the trigger of gigantomastia cannot be identified. It is also the most common type of gigantomastia.
Although gigantomastia can be classified according to the above criteria, doctors are still not sure how exactly hormonal changes and drugs can trigger breast tissue to grow uncontrollably.
Will Gigantomastia cause problems with breastfeeding?
Breast hypertrophy can pose a problem for many women who want to breastfeed. Several complications of breast hypertrophy can develop after childbirth, such as breast infection (mastitis), reduced milk production, breast pain, and blistering, which can make breastfeeding either very difficult and painful or impossible.
What are the treatments for Gigantomastia?
Breast hypertrophy treatment is individualised depending on the severity of symptoms, type of gigantomastia, and speed of breast growth. Here are a couple of examples;
- If you’re experiencing breast infection (mastitis) or ulcers, your doctor might prescribe topical or oral antibiotics, and recommend that you clean the wounds well and cover them up with sterile gauze.
- If you have gestational gigantomastia, your doctor may recommend you wait till after delivery, since in many cases giving birth solves the problem.
- Some doctors might prescribe a trial of hormone-regulating medications to try and treat gigantomastia without surgery. However, breast reduction remains the cornerstone of treatment and the most effective method of solving the problem.
- In general, breast reduction Mammoplasty surgery is considered a treatment for enlarged breasts, and to treat gigantomastia. There are different techniques that can be used, and your surgeon will explain this to you during your initial consultation. During breast reduction surgery, your plastic surgeon will perform a skin incision and expose the breast tissue. He/she will cut out and remove excess breast fat until your breasts reach the wanted size. After that, the surgeon will cut out the excess skin to pull the wound edges together.
- Since very large breasts usually descend because of their weight and the effect of gravity, breast reduction Mammoplasty surgery is usually combined with a breast lift to alter not only their look but also their shape.
- Breast reduction mammoplasty can help reduce neck and back pain caused by large breasts, and it can treat the complications of breast hypertrophy.
What to expect after Breast Reduction Mammoplasty surgery?
You should expect some pain, bruising, swelling, and bleeding from the wound for the first few days after surgery. Your plastic surgeon will prescribe you some antibiotics to prevent infections and painkillers to control the discomfort. They will instruct you on how you should change your wound dressing and will tell you when to come in to have your sutures removed. You should be able to get back to your regular activities within a couple of days after surgery. The change in size is immediately visible after the operation, however, you should expect to lose some more size as the swelling subsides. A few days after surgery, you may start to notice change in your posture as well as a reduction in back and neck pain. This is due to the removal of excessive breast weight pulling down on them.
Does breast reduction Mammoplasty surgery leave a scar?
Breast reduction surgery does leave a scar, usually on the underside of your breast. You should know that our surgeons use techniques to reduce scar visibility, however, having a scar after surgery is unavoidable. The scar should fade into the surrounding skin over a few months and it usually takes its final shape and colour around 1 year after surgery.
For more information about Skin and Scar Management, click here.
Gigantomastia is a rare condition that affects some women during certain periods of their lifetime. Treatment for gigantomastia is usually the same as that for large breasts; by performing breast reduction Mammoplasty surgery. Breast reduction surger will help relieve the symptoms associated with large breasts.
Further Reading and Medical Sources:
- https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/9450/gigantomastia
- https://casereports.bmj.com/content/2009/bcr.11.2008.1177
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0094129815001935
- https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0961203309105362
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20965141/
About Dr Craig Rubinstein
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Dr Craig Rubinstein FRACS (Fellow of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons) is an experienced Melbourne Specialist Plastic Surgeon for breast and abdominoplasty surgery.
Dr Rubinstein offers women personalised abdominoplasty surgery and all forms of cosmetic breast surgery.
BOOK A CONSULTATION (03) 8849 1400
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